UN data suggests ethanol production does not increase food prices
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UN FAO) has released data showing that global food prices have experienced the steepest monthly drop since 2008.
According to the Global Renewable Fuels Alliance (GRFA), the decline in food prices has coincided with a period of record ethanol production expansion, reaching a high of 94 billion litres in 2014 from 83.5 billion litres in 2012, a 10% increase over this period.
This contrast could indicate that increased ethanol production has not driven up food prices.
The UN FAO Food Price Index averaged 155.7 points in August, down 5.2% from July, representing the steepest monthly drop since December 2008 with virtually all major food commodities registering marked dips.
This drop coincides with a fall in crude oil prices in July of 19%, closing at $ 48.25 (€42.61) per barrel on 31 July.
The Global Renewable Fuels Alliance (GRFA) has for several years argued that the price of oil and energy inputs are the single most influential drivers of food and commodity prices.
A number of international institutions including the World Bank, International Energy Agency (IEA), and United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UN FAO) have also recognised the strong relationship between oil prices and food prices, GRFA says.
A 2013 World Bank publication, ‘Long-Term Drivers of Food Prices’, concluded that almost two thirds of food price increases are caused by rising oil prices.
The report states that between 1997-2012 the price of crude oil caused maize and wheat prices to increase by 52% and 64%, respectively.
The report also found that biofuels had little impact on food prices during this period.
The recent collapse of global crude oil prices has been followed by the collapse in the global food price index, demonstrating possible reliance of food prices on the price of oil.
In a recent publication, the UN FAO concluded that increased biofuels demand has helped the agriculture sector by increasing agricultural productivity and output which has ‘ensured that the global supply of crops available for non-biofuel uses has continued to grow over the long term.’
In a speech this past January at the Global Forum for Food and Agriculture, the UN FAO director-general Jose Graziano da Silva recognised biofuels as a part of the global agriculture complex with social, agricultural, and environmental benefits and outlined the potential for agriculture to accommodate mutually supportive food and biofuel production.
Biofuels Plantation Services International